check the /root/.bashrc script
you can check the aliases are created or not for some commands like kill,killall,chattr
if you found anything like this then remove it
then write the below command to check the attributes of the folder which is not deleted.
lsattr /root/.folder_name
if this will show the output like
----i-----e----- /root/.folder_name
you can follow the article below
you can check the aliases are created or not for some commands like kill,killall,chattr
if you found anything like this then remove it
then write the below command to check the attributes of the folder which is not deleted.
lsattr /root/.folder_name
if this will show the output like
----i-----e----- /root/.folder_name
you can follow the article below
Attribute “i“
Sometimes it might be very useful to render a file immutable – nobody (not even the root user) will be able to edit, rename, move or delete this file. The way to do that on a Linux file system is by using file attributes (also called flags) and more specifically the “i“-immutable file attribute.
On a Linux system, there are two commands for working with file attributes. These are:
- chattr – this is the command, which is used to set file attributes to files. Some attributes, including the immutable attribute can only be set by the superuser.
- lsattr – this is the command that is used to display the attributes currently set for a file.
I will illustrate the use of file attributes by the simple example below:
We create an empty file:
root@server:~# touch example.txt
Let’s list the current attributes of this file:
root@server:~# lsattr example.txt -----------------e- example.txt
As you can see the only flag set for this newly created file is the “e” flag which is on by default for all Linux files on an ext4 file system.
Now, let’s set the “i” flag for this file. Remember that by default, only a superuser can do this:
root@server:~# chattr +i example.txt
Let’s list the attributes now:
root@server:~# lsattr example.txt ----i------------e- example.txt
As you can see the “i” flag is visible now.
To test the functionality, I will try to modify the file in several ways:
root@server:~# mv example.txt renamed.txt mv: cannot move `example.txt' to `renamed.txt': Operation not permitted root@server:~# rm -f example.txt rm: cannot remove `example.txt': Operation not permitted root@server:~# echo "Some string" > example.txt bash: example.txt: Permission denied
As can be seen from the above examples, we cannot move, delete or add content to this file.
To remove the immutable attribute from a file you need to use the chattr command again. For example:
root@server:~# chattr -i example.txt root@server:~# lsattr example.txt -----------------e- example.txt
Attribute “a“
Another useful file attribute is the “a” attribute. The “a” stands for “append” and this flag indicates that a file can only be opened for append operations, i.e. additional content can only be added to the file but none of the existing content can be modified.
The functionality can be easily illustrated with the example below:
First, set the “a” attribute:
root@server:~# chattr +a example.txt root@server:~# lsattr example.txt -----a-----------e- example.txt
Next, attempt to modify the file:
root@server:~# rm -f example.txt rm: cannot remove `example.txt': Operation not permitted root@server:~# mv example.txt renamed.txt mv: cannot move `example.txt' to `renamed.txt': Operation not permitted root@server:~# echo "replacing content" > example.txt bash: example.txt: Operation not permitted root@server:~# echo "appending new content" >> example.txt
Only the last operation that we attempted on this file was successful because it just appended the “appending new content” string to the end of the file without modifying its existing content.
